Insight into the Various Synthetic Methods for Thiazole and its Derivatives, with their Anticancer Activity

Thiazole, a five-membered heterocyclic compound containing sulfur and nitrogen, is widely used in medicinal chemistry. Its fundamental structure is found in many physiologically active chemicals with antibacterial, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antidiabetic properties. Thiazole compounds with interesting medicinal value have been thoroughly investigated for their potential as therapeutics. Due to its varied reactivity, thiazole is a significant building block for chemical synthesis, and its derivatives show attractive pharmacological properties. Still, lots of modifications are required in the thiazole derivatives to enhance their potential. The main goal of this review is to investigate several synthesis methods for thiazole and its derivatives, as well as their pharmacological characteristics. This review summarizes the ever-expanding body of chemical knowledge and has significant implications for drug development. A systematic literature search was conducted across major databases, including Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, PubMed, Scopus, Springer, and Web of Science, using keywords related to thiazole derivatives. It involves a systematic literature review, critical analysis, and synthesis of existing research. This review thoroughly discusses the various synthetic approaches and their potential, which will be useful to the drug discovery community and facilitate the synthesis and development of novel, potent thiazole derivatives that may serve as lead molecules for the treatment of various diseases.