Neuroprotective Marine Bioactives in Paediatric ADHD: A Focused Review on Therapeutic Potential

INTRODUCTION: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental condition in children, marked by symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. This review examines the potential of marine-derived bioactive compounds as promising alternatives to support neurodevelopment and aid in managing ADHD-related symptoms. METHODS: Databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched using terms related to marine bioactives and ADHD. Studies published up to July 2025 were considered, focusing on human clinical trials and preclinical research involving children or outcomes related to neurodevelopment. Reviews focusing on marine-based sources have increasingly highlighted their potential in enhancing cognitive function, attention regulation, and overall neurodevelopment in children with ADHD. This review offers a targeted analysis of marine-derived compounds with potential therapeutic value in the management of ADHD in children. RESULTS: Marine sources offer several neuroprotective agents, including Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) and Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA), which are critical for brain development, especially in children. Compounds such as Klamin®, derived from Aphanizomenon flos-aquae, contain betaphenylethylamine and phycocyanins that exhibit monoamine oxidase B inhibition and may support attention regulation. Bioactive peptides and marine polysaccharides also demonstrate significant anti- inflammatory and neuroregenerative potential. DISCUSSION: Marine bioactives represent a unique and largely untapped avenue for ADHD management through nutritional and functional interventions. Compared to conventional pharmacological treatments, these compounds offer natural, potentially safer options. However, clinical studies are limited, and further research is needed to establish efficacy, optimal dosing, and long-term safety. CONCLUSION: Marine-derived compounds exhibit promising neuroprotective and cognitiveenhancing properties relevant to the management of ADHD. Future research and clinical validation may pave the way for integrating these natural agents into therapeutic and dietary strategies for children with ADHD.