Pharmacological and Therapeutic Insights into Matricaria chamomilla: A Comprehensive Review

Introduction: Matricaria chamomilla, also known as chamomile or German chamomile, is native to Europe but has significantly spread to different parts of the world. It has long been used as a traditional remedy due to its diverse medicinal properties. Interestingly, the entire plant has been used to treat wound infections, diarrhea, diabetes, inflammation, skin disorders, and nerve-related abnormalities. This review aims to summarise the pharmacological mechanisms and clinical potential of Matricaria chamomilla phytochemicals. Methods: In this study, information from diverse studies on Matricaria chamomilla was diligently collected from multiple sources, including Google Scholar, PubMed, Wiley Online Library, ScienceDirect, and others, using relevant keywords. The literature was reviewed to curate insightful data on its phytochemical composition, pharmacological activities, and related therapeutic potentials, along with their advantages and limitations. Results: Studies have shown that the plant contains several phytochemical compounds with multiple biological activities. Key pharmacological activities include antiinflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer, and neuroprotective properties. The secondary metabolites mainly include flavonoids, terpenoids, coumarins, and phenylpropanoids, with their derivatives such as apigenin, α-bisabolol, chamazulene, caffeic acid, and umbelliferone, which have been identified as primary contributors to the plant’s medicinal effects. Discussion: Chamomile has been applied in cosmetics, perfumery, food manufacturing, and aromatherapy due to its therapeutic essential oils. However, despite its minimal toxicity and few side effects, clinical studies remain limited. Conclusion: This review highlights the pharmacological mechanisms and current clinical prospects of Matricaria chamomilla phytochemicals. The diverse attributes of Matricaria chamomilla highlight its therapeutic significance in healthcare. However, further experimental validation is required to address existing research gaps and precisely establish its clinical potential.