Green Medicine for a Global Threat: Herbal Approaches to Combat Dengue Fever

Abstract: Dengue fever, caused by the dengue virus (DENV), remains one of the most prevalent mosquito-borne viral infections worldwide, with no approved etiotropic therapy currently available. Natural products, particularly plant-derived compounds, have demonstrated promising antiviral activities, warranting a comprehensive evaluation. Medicinal plants with reported anti-dengue properties were identified. Several extracts exhibited low IC₅₀ values, indicating significant antiviral potential. Active compounds primarily included flavonoids, terpenoids, alkaloids, and polyphenols, with ethanol and methanol being the most frequently used extraction solvents. Plant-derived bioactive compounds may inhibit viral replication and modulate host immune responses. However, variability in extraction methods, plant parts used, and experimental models limits direct cross-study comparisons. Standardized IC₅₀ reporting and in vivo studies are necessary to validate these in vitro findings. Overall, plant extracts show considerable anti-dengue potential. Future research should focus on isolating active molecules, elucidating their mechanisms of action, and conducting preclinical and clinical studies to develop effective plant-based antiviral therapies.