Examining the Impact of Smart Technologies on Mental Health and Well-Being: A Global Review Study

Introduction: This review investigates the global impact of smart technologies, such as smartphones, tablets, and computers, on mental health and well-being, with a focus on the psychological and behavioral consequences of prolonged digital device use. Methods: A narrative review approach was adopted, sourcing literature from PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. Studies published between 2010 and 2024 examining screen time, internet addiction, social media engagement, gaming behavior, and associated mental health outcomes were included and qualitatively analyzed. Results: Evidence suggests that excessive screen time (typically exceeding 2–7 hours per day) is linked to anxiety, depression, poor emotional regulation, cognitive deficits, and reduced self-esteem. In children, high screen exposure has been associated with structural brain changes, including cortical thinning. Sleep disturbances due to device use further aggravate mental health concerns. Conversely, moderate and purposeful digital use, including therapeutic apps and online support platforms, has shown potential benefits for emotional resilience and selfefficacy. Discussion: The reviewed literature highlights a dual effect of smart technology use on mental health. Outcomes vary based on user age, type of content consumed, duration of use, and levels of digital literacy. Preventive strategies and targeted interventions are essential to mitigate adverse effects. Conclusion: Smart technologies present both opportunities and risks for mental health. Promoting digital awareness, encouraging balanced usage, and supporting further interdisciplinary research are critical for maximizing benefits while minimizing psychological harm.