Nutraceuticals in the Management of Cardiovascular Diseases

Nutraceuticals are natural food-derived components that provide additional health benefits and potentially reduce cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, such as hypertension, arrhythmia, myocardial infarction, hypertrophy, and atherosclerosis. The objective of this book chapter is to explore the underlying mechanisms and provide a thorough assessment of the effects and benefits of nutraceuticals, such as garlic, grapes, ginger, turmeric, onion, blueberry, apple, brassica, tulsi, papaya, spirulina, etc. Dietary habits have an immense effect on cardiovascular health. It has been established that nutraceuticals target various pathways involved in the evolution of CVD and offer a comprehensive approach for treating and preventing CVD. Studies show that consumption of nutraceuticals, such as omega-3 fatty acids, garlic, and dietary fibres in the diet, can improve cardiovascular risk factors, such as hypertension and hyperlipidemia, by reducing blood pressure and lipid profile levels. More specifically, it has been demonstrated that nutraceuticals like grapes, turmeric, and omega-3 fatty acids exhibit anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidation characteristics vital for healthy human blood vessels and arteries. However, these promising results have been achieved through heterogeneous study designs and therefore require further research regarding the applications of nutraceuticals in clinical practice. In conclusion, nutraceuticals show an attractive emerging field in treating CVD. When combined with traditional therapies, nutraceuticals can play a supportive role by mitigating risk factors while improving treatment outcomes, thereby serving as an essential component of extensive cardiovascular treatment. Future research is needed to better understand the effects and potential of nutraceuticals in improving cardiovascular health.