Role of Nutraceuticals in the Management of Degenerative Ophthalmic Diseases

Nutraceuticals, derived from food sources, offer additional health benefits beyond basic nutrition. Combining “nutrient” and “pharmaceutical,” nutraceuticals are increasingly recognized for their potential in managing various diseases, particularly ocular disorders, without the side effects often associated with synthetic pharmaceuticals. These natural compounds contribute to vital biological processes, including antioxidant defence and cellular integrity, thereby enhancing health, preventing chronic diseases, and potentially extending life expectancy. With various forms available, such as pills, powders etc., nutraceuticals are easily accessible and cost-effective. In the realm of neurodegenerative diseases, nutraceuticals can play a significant role in mitigating conditions affecting vision, including age-related macular degeneration (AMD), diabetic retinopathy (DR), and glaucoma. These disorders are often linked to oxidative stress, wherein reactive oxygen species (ROS) contribute to retinal ganglion cell degeneration. Nutraceuticals with antioxidant properties have been shown to reduce ROS levels, thereby offering a protective effect against ocular degeneration. This chapter briefly focuses on the pathophysiology of common degenerative eye diseases and discusses the potential of nutraceuticals in their prevention and management. By enhancing nutritional intake without altering physiological states, nutraceuticals present a compelling alternative to conventional drugs, particularly for age-related vision disorders, promoting overall ocular health and potentially reducing the prevalence of vision impairment in aging populations.