Blood-based Biomarkers for Neurological Disorder Diseases: Present Status and Potential Applications in a Changing Global Healthcare Environment

In the worldwide healthcare system, blood-based biomarkers for neurological illnesses have been recognized as important instruments for early diagnosis, disease monitoring, and individualized treatment. Currently, several research studies have reported robust assays of blood biomarkers for the identification of tau and beta-amyloid proteins for Alzheimer-type dementia. Neurofilament light polypeptide is linked to various conditions, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and is used alongside inflammatory markers such as C-reactive protein and cytokines to assess neuroinflammation and underlying pathophysiologic processes. These biomarkers are intriguing, but they have issues related to standardization, sensitivity, and specificity. Blood-based biomarkers provide affordable, non-invasive diagnostic tools in the evolving healthcare landscape, particularly in resource-constrained countries where advanced imaging is less readily available. In the near future, blood-based biomarkers can be used for patient screening, tailored treatment, and remote care integration. Widespread acceptance, however, will depend on removing the present legislative and technological obstacles and guaranteeing consistent clinical utility. Blood-based biomarkers can be utilized for global management of neurological illnesses and have the potential to be used clinically. In this review, recent advancements and their fruitful implications, as discussed by neurologists, will be discussed.