Analysis of Coolant Selection for Machining Processes in the Context of Sustainable Development

Abstract. Sustainable product development is a key activity in the dynamic development of enterprises. For some products, achieving satisfactory quality while limiting negative environmental impact and optimizing production costs remains a significant challenge. An example of such products is cutting fluids. Although widely used, they are relatively expensive and have a negative impact on human health and the environment. Therefore, techniques are sought to support the selection process. Therefore, the aim of this study is to propose a method to support decision-making in product selection, using cutting fluids as an example. The TOPSIS (Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) method was presented and tested. Five cutting fluids were considered and analyzed based on criteria related to quality, environmental impact, and cost. These criteria included: 5% emulsion pH, hand refractometer coefficient, kinematic viscosity at 40°C [mm²/s], density at 15°C [g/ml], capacity (l), purchase price (PLN), and environmental impact. As a result, a ranking of the analyzed products was developed, which allows for selecting a coolant that meets the assumed quality, environmental, and cost requirements. The proposed method can be used to analyze other products as part of their sustainable selection.