Experimental Evaluation of Laser-Assisted Machining of Si3N4 Ceramics

Abstract. Silicon nitride (Si₃N₄) ceramics represent a significant class of materials with numerous applications in engineering and biomedical fields. However, their exceptionally high hardness (approximately 2125 HV) and inherent brittleness pose significant challenges during machining. Laser-assisted machining (LAM) has recently emerged as a promising method for enhancing the machinability of hard and brittle materials. This hybrid process combines localized laser heating of the workpiece with conventional cutting, where the softened surface layer is removed by a cutting tool with a defined edge geometry. Compared to conventional machining, this technique substantially extends tool life and enhances process efficiency. The present study investigates the machinability of hard Si₃N₄ ceramics by evaluating the flank wear (VBc) of the cutting tool edge. Both conventional turning and laser-assisted turning were performed, with real-time temperature monitoring of the machined surface. A clear distinction in tool wear behavior and cutting performance was observed between the two processes, demonstrating the advantages of laser-assisted machining over traditional methods.