Human Factors, Technical Culture, and Training for Reliable Machinery Operation in Industry 5.0: An Integrative Framework

Abstract. Contemporary production systems are characterized by a high degree of automation and increasing complexity, which makes machine reliability dependent not only on technology but also on the competencies and behaviors of personnel. This article aims to analyze the role of the human factor in machine operation, as well as the significance of technical culture and training systems in shaping appropriate operator behaviors. The concept of a socio-technical system is presented, illustrating the interaction between humans, the organization, and the work environment, and its impact on machine reliability. Attention is given to the development of technical competencies through both traditional and modern training methods, including digital tools and VR/AR technologies, and their role in reducing human errors and enhancing operational safety. The novelty of the article lies in its integration of humanistic and technical approaches, highlighting system reliability as a result of the synergy between humans, technology, and organization within the context of Industry 5.0.