Microbiome and Immunity in Children: Exploring Ayurvedic Pathways for Immune Optimization

Background: Childhood immunity is critically influenced by the gut microbiota, which plays a central role in immune maturation and protection against infections. Disruptions in gut microbial balance often due to poor dietary practices, antibiotic exposure, or environmental factors can impair immune function, increasing susceptibility to diseases. Ayurveda, the ancient Indian system of medicine, offers a holistic approach to health by promoting balanced diet, lifestyle, and the use of immunomodulatory herbs. Objective: This review aims to explore the Ayurvedic understanding of immunity (Vyadhikshamatva or Bala) in children and to examine the potential of Ayurvedic interventions such as dietary, herbal, and lifestyle-based to modulate gut microbiota and thereby enhance immunity. Methods: A comprehensive literature review was conducted using Ayurvedic classical texts and contemporary scientific studies from peer-reviewed journals and online databases. The focus was on identifying key Ayurvedic concepts, postnatal immunity-enhancing strategies, and herbal formulations that impact gut microbiota and immunity in children. Results: The study identifies several Ayurvedic practices such as Stanyapanam (breastfeeding), Annaprashana (weaning), personalized diets based on Prakriti, and herbal interventions like Guduchi, Amalaki, and Triphala which support gut microbial diversity and immune function. Additionally, holistic lifestyle changes aligned with Dinacharya and Ritucharya were found to further support gut health and immunity. Conclusion: Ayurvedic interventions hold promising potential in modulating gut microbiota and enhancing paediatric immunity through natural, safe, and individualized approaches. Further integrative clinical research is warranted to validate these traditional practices in the context of modern microbiome science and paediatric health care.