Molecular regulation of Ritucharya

Introduction: Ayurveda promotes health through daily and seasonal routines that may trigger beneficial epigenetic changes.DNA defines an individual’s genotype, which is stable, while the phenotype, physical traits and behaviour is shaped by external factors. Epigenetics studies how environment, stress, and lifestyle can alter gene expression without changing DNA. These changes can be inherited, with factors like pollution and trauma affecting future generations. Materials and Methods: Current studies and literature are thoroughly analysed to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying ritucharya. Results: Circadian rhythms regulate sleep, metabolism, hormones, and immunity. Disruptions can lead to inflammation, metabolic disorders, and weakened immunity. Ayurvedic practices like Ritucharya support natural rhythms by aligning lifestyle with seasonal changes, helping regulate hormones (e.g., Melatonin, Cortisol, Vitamin D) and immune function. Seasonal routines enhance metabolism, reduce inflammation, and support gut health. The gut microbiome and circadian clock interact closely, influencing each other and overall health. Ritucharya routines and therapies like Nasya, Abhyanga, and fasting - reduce oxidative stress and improve immune response at the molecular level. Discussion: Ritucharya, Ayurveda’s seasonal regimen, aligns diet and lifestyle with environmental changes to balance doshas, digestion, and immunity. These practices closely mirror modern circadian and seasonal biology, where light, hormones, and feeding rhythms regulate metabolism and immune function. Seasonal shifts affect hormones like melatonin and cortisol, gut microbiota, and inflammation levels. Ayurvedic practices such as massage, nasal therapy, and seasonal detox help reduce stress, support circadian balance, and enhance overall health.