Understanding Neurological Disorders through the lens of Ayurveda w.s.r. to Asthi Majja Dhatu - A Critical Review

Background: In Ayurveda, the human body is sustained by Sapta Dhatus, each with distinct structural and functional significance. Asthi Dhatu (bone tissue) provides structural integrity, while Majja Dhatu (marrow and nerve-related tissue) plays a crucial role in neurological functions. Modern medicine associate’s disorders like multiple sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, peripheral neuropathies, and osteoporosis-linked neurological deficits with degeneration or dysfunction in skeletal and nervous systems. This review explores neurological disorders from an Ayurvedic perspective, with a special emphasis on Asthi–Majja Dhatu interrelations. Methodology: A comprehensive literature review was conducted using Ayurvedic classical compendia, commentaries, and Nighantus, along with modern neurology references and peer-reviewed research from PubMed, Scopus, AYUSH Research Portal, and other academic databases. Inclusion criteria focused on works discussing the correlation of Asthi and Majja depletion (Kshaya), vitiation (Dushti), and their pathological manifestation in neurological disorders. Exclusion criteria omitted unrelated systemic diseases without neurological involvement. Comparative analysis was performed between Ayurvedic descriptions of Vata Vyadhi, Majjavaha Srotodushti, and modern neurological conditions. Results: The review identifies that Asthi–Majja Kshaya corresponds to several degenerative neurological disorders in modern medicine. Vata aggravation due to Asthi and Majja depletion manifests as tremors, weakness, sensory loss, cognitive decline, and impaired coordination. Classical treatments, including Ksheera Basti, Nasya, Rasayana, and Snehana–Swedana, show potential neuroprotective and regenerative effects, supported by modern studies on neurotrophic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties of Ayurvedic herbs. Conclusion: Ayurveda offers a unique perspective by viewing neurological disorders as a manifestation of Vata aggravation secondary to Asthi–Majja Dhatu depletion. This holistic understanding integrates structural (bone, marrow) and functional (neurological) pathology, bridging ancient and modern concepts. The review suggests that adopting Ayurvedic diagnostic and therapeutic frameworks alongside modern neurodiagnostics could enhance early detection, prevention, and management of neurological disorders. Further clinical research is warranted to validate these integrative approaches and establish standardized treatment protocols.