An Integrative Diagnostic Review of Cervical Spondylosis with special reference to Vishwachi

Cervical spondylosis is a chronic degenerative condition of the cervical spine, now increasingly prevalent in younger individuals due to poor posture and prolonged digital device use. It affects nearly 13–15% of the population, with a slightly higher incidence among women. Clinically, it manifests as neck pain, stiffness, dizziness, and radiculopathy caused by nerve root compression. Ayurveda describes a comparable entity, Vishwachi, a Vata-dominant disorder marked by radiating pain, motor dysfunction, and tissue degeneration involving Snayu (ligaments) and Majja Dhatu (nervous tissue). In contrast, Apabahuka primarily affects the shoulder joint without cervical or neural involvement. This review critically examines the diagnostic correlation between cervical spondylosis and Vishwachi through a comparative analysis of classical Ayurvedic texts (Charaka Samhita, Sushruta Samhita, Ashtanga Hridaya, Madhava Nidana) and modern biomedical literature (PubMed, Scopus, AYU). A substantial overlap was identified in terms of pain radiation, stiffness, numbness, and muscle weakness. While modern imaging modalities such as MRI and CT provide anatomical clarity, Ayurvedic methods including Trividha Pariksha and Ashtasthana Pariksha offer a systemic perspective by evaluating Dosha, Dhatu, and Srotas. Integrative diagnostics thus strengthen early detection, precise differentiation, and individualized management. Recognizing cervical spondylosis as Vishwachi emphasizes the role of Vata-shamana therapies, Panchakarma interventions, and lifestyle corrections, offering a holistic framework for sustainable patient care.