Current state of the process of distribution of quotas for the extraction of aquatic biological resources

Purpose of research. The aim of this study is to develop a conceptual framework for allocating quotas for catches of aquatic biological resources (ABR) in the Russian Federation, taking into account the strengths and weaknesses of the existing system and its key operational challenges. Furthermore, the study formalizes a new, improved model for managing the quota allocation process, the application of which will improve efficiency and address the identified limitations. Methods. The research employs a systematic analysis of regulatory frameworks and operational mechanisms governing ABR quota allocation, including the «historical principle», auction-based distribution, and «investment quotas». It utilizes official statistical data on ABR catch dynamics across various fishery basins (2023-2024) to illustrate the system's performance. The paper also develops formal mathematical models to describe the algorithms and constraints of each allocation method and to define a conceptual framework for an adaptive quota management system. Results. The analysis reveals that while the current ABR quota system is sophisticated and aims to balance economic, environmental, and social objectives, its inherent static nature and reliance on historical precedence lead to limitations. Specifically, it often fails to adequately incentivize the full and rational utilization of allocated resources, resulting in systematic under-utilization of quotas and missed economic benefits for the state. To address these issues, the study introduces a theoretical model for an advanced, adaptive quota management process, which extends existing states and actions to incorporate intelligent decision-making support, aiming for Pareto dominance over the current system in terms of efficiency. Conclusion. In conclusion, despite significant advancements and the integration of digital technologies, the Russian ABR management system requires further evolution. Moving beyond purely static allocation towards an adaptive model, capable of incorporating feedback on resource utilization, is crucial for improving overall operational and economic efficiency. This research highlights a critical gap in existing literature concerning the detailed operational and economic analysis of quota distribution, transfer, and pricing mechanisms, particularly in fostering comprehensive resource exploitation.