EFFECT OF ZWIEBACK, A CRISP BREAD CONTAINING RED PALM OIL, ON SERUM ANTIOXIDANT AND INFLAMMATORY BIOMARKERS IN WOMEN WITH BENIGN BREAST TUMOURS

This study investigated the effect of replacing margarine with red palm oil (RPO) in Zwieback on serum antioxidant and inflammation biomarkers in women with benign breast tumours.Using a double-blind, randomised controlled trial, 15 participants were divided into a control group (n = 8) and a treatment group (n = 7).The treatment group consumed Zwieback with RPO, providing 5.04 mg/day of β-carotene for eight weeks, while the control group received Zwieback without RPO.Results showed a significant increase (p