Determining the Role of KRAS in Patients with Different Demographic Profiles Diagnosed with Diabetes Mellitus: A Case-Control Study

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is widely spread among populations. About 3 of 10 people show the symptoms of this disease. Many factors may cause this illness in both types (type 1 and type 2 DM), mainly attributed to insufficient insulin production in type 1 DM or developing insulin resistance in type 2 DM. Genes that control specific biochemical pathways involving glucose metabolism can interfere with the manifestation of this disease when they undergo genetic changes like KRAS. Investigating the role of KRAS in DM. About 124 patients with both types of DM and of different genders and ages participated in this study. In addition to demographic characteristics, biochemical and diabetic status were determined for all participants. DNA was isolated from all patients, and the KRAS gene was amplified using specific primers designed for this purpose and thoroughly analyzed to determine any genetic change within its sequence. The results showed the spread of DM, especially type 2, among undereducated participants, and a significant increase in fasting blood sugar, uric acid, and SGOUT. Molecular analysis of the KRAS gene identified two repeated single-nucleotide variations (SNVs): rs1475732807 and rs1306089842. Both SNVs affected the 3’ UTR of the KRAS gene, causing an alteration in gene expression, which consequently affected the severity of DM. Diabetes mellitus is widely spread among different societies, especially in undereducated groups, due to unhealthy diets or genetic factors. Some genes, like KRAS, can interfere with the manifestation of DM, especially related to glucose metabolism. SNVs in the 3’ UTR of KRAS may dramatically boost the symptoms in some patients.