Effectiveness of the Mobile-Based Diabetes Little Helper Video Intervention on Medication Adherence Among Older Adults Living With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Henan, China: Randomized Controlled Trial

BACKGROUND: Medication adherence is vital for older adults living with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), but it remains low and needs improvement. Current interventions have limited effectiveness, while video-based interventions show promising potential for enhancing adherence. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of the "Diabetes Little Helper" video intervention, developed based on the information-motivation-behavioral skills model, on improving medication adherence in older adults living with T2DM in Henan. METHODS: This parallel-group randomized controlled trial was conducted in 2 hospitals in Zhengzhou, involving 68 patients from each hospital. The intervention group (IG) received standard care plus the video intervention for one month, while the control group (CG) received only standard care. The primary outcome was medication adherence, and secondary outcomes included medication knowledge, attitude, behavior, belief, and social support. Data were collected at baseline, postintervention, and at 3-month follow-up. Intention-to-treat analysis and the last observation carried forward method were applied for missing data, with the generalized estimating equation model used for effect assessment (P