Promotion Status and Development Strategies of Ultimate Frisbee in Shandong Universities

With the continuous integration of emerging participatory sports into university physical education systems, Ultimate Frisbee has gradually become an important component of both curricular and extracurricular sports activities in higher education, due to its strong emphasis on self-officiation, low entry barriers, and distinctive community culture. This study aims to systematically examine the promotion status of Ultimate Frisbee in universities across Shandong Province, identify structural constraints, and explore key influencing factors affecting its development. Using a stratified sample of universities of different types and regions in Shandong, this research adopts a mixed-methods approach, including questionnaire surveys, in-depth interviews, field observations, and bibliometric and policy text analysis. Quantitative data are analyzed through descriptive statistics, comparative analysis, and regression models. The findings indicate that the overall promotion level of Ultimate Frisbee in Shandong universities remains uneven. Significant differences are observed in course coverage and club penetration across different institutional types, while participation in competitions and the level of professional instruction exert a significant influence on promotion outcomes. In addition, insufficient field resources, unstable financial support, and the lack of systematic safety and rules education have emerged as major constraints on sustainable development. Based on these findings, this study proposes differentiated development strategies focusing on curriculum institutionalization, club governance optimization, competition system improvement, support mechanism enhancement, and coordinated communication, providing empirical evidence for the reform of university physical education and the governance of emerging sports programs.