AI-Empowered Reform of the CNC Programming and Machining Course in Secondary Vocational Education

This study addresses the need to integrate AI literacy into secondary vocational education, using the “CNC Programming and Machining” course as a case. It argues that traditional education must shift from knowledge transmission to cultivating cognitive capacities for collaborating with AI. The core contribution is a comprehensive curriculum framework that embeds AI literacy across competencies like AI-assisted design and intelligent process planning. Innovative, project-based methods employing human-AI challenges and AR simulations are proposed. A dual-focus assessment system combines formative evaluation (60%) with a summative assessment (40%) that uniquely includes a dedicated AI literacy component. This model aims to bridge the gap between training and smart manufacturing, enhancing students’ professional adaptability and competitiveness.