PSORIASIS: AN INTEGRATED REVIEW OF A COMPLEX IMMUNE-MEDIATED DISEASE

Psoriasis manifests as persistent inflammation of the skin, often presenting with distinct scaly plaques. However, the precise cause of this condition is not clear but is known to be a complex consequence of several factors. These factors include environmental, genetic, microbial, and immunity dysregulation. An estimate of the total number of affected persons pertaining to psoriasis is estimated at more than 125 million at present. Recent innovations in therapeutics, chiefly “biologics” therapeutics, have introduced new possibilities for developing highly targeted personalized treatments with more efficacy. This multifactorial disease is characterized by various types, where “Plaque Psoriasis” is the prevalent one. This article explores the multifaceted aspects of psoriasis, an inflammatory long-term disease defined by distinct plaques as well as scales. This review provides an integrated perspective on psoriasis by outlining recent insights into its immunopathogenesis and highlighting how these advances have supported the development of targeted biologic treatments while continuing to shape future research and clinical innovation.