PHARMACOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE AND TOXICITY OVERVIEW OF OLEANOLIC ACID ISOLATED FROM LANTANA CAMARA ROOTS

Several therapeutic plants contain oleanolic acid (OA), a pentacyclic triterpenoid. Its drugs protect the liver, reduce inflammation, prevent diabetes, and fight cancer. Lantana camara roots are rich in OA, making them a promising medicine source. From 2000 to Up to present mid-2024, this study includes all published research on L. camara root OA, including phytochemical composition, pharmacological activity, toxicological evaluations, and mutagenicity assessments. We aggregated PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar data to find therapeutic relevance and safety margins. We thoroughly searched databases using relevant keywords. OA modulates oxidative stress pathways and detoxifying enzymes to protect the liver, and sub-chronic and acute toxicity studies in Wistar rats showed no mortality or adverse histopathological changes up to 2000 mg/kg. Ames tests showed its non-mutagenicity. However, insufficient clinical and chronic exposure investigations, poor water solubility, and bioavailability hinder translational applicability. The review finds that L. camara OA has promising lead phytotherapeutic potential, but more in vivo investigations and formulation improvements are needed to prove its efficacy and safety.