LC-MS AS A VERSATILE TOOL FOR DRUG DISCOVERY, DEVELOPMENT, AND CLINICAL DIAGNOSTICS

One of the crucial elements in the analysis of biomolecules is liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), affording unique sensitivity and specificity to a broad spectrum of applications in the discovery of new drugs, proteomics, and metabolomics. Modern biomolecular science has been reshaped by new techniques in LC-MS technology by enabling the potential to deconstruct increasingly complex systems in biological and life sciences research. A highlight of current trends, hot instruments, and advancements, along with modern approaches for improvements in separations and processing the data for advancement in this sector, will also be addressed herein. Combining high-resolution MS (HRMS) and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) marks one of the most meaningful changes since this combination produces the best results, both in terms of better resolution and as regards increasing sample throughput. Many of these previous limitations for biological macromolecule analysis are fast being mitigated because improved ionization technologies, particularly in electrospray ionization and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization, expand the breadth of possible LC-MS analyses. Recent improvements in multidimensional separation technology and stationary phase diversity increase chromatographic efficiencies, especially to study more intricate biological matrices. Together with strategies to overcome these limitations, this paper also discusses challenges such as matrix effects, sample preparation challenges, and data quality. Researchers can uncover novel information on biomolecular interactions, disease mechanisms, and therapeutic targets by integrating state-of-the-art LC-MS technologies with innovative computational approaches. As LC-MS continues to evolve, it holds immense potential to shape the future of precision medicine and biomolecular research.