Design of an Open-Source Device for Immersion Staining of Cytological Samples

This project details the design of a staining machine for processing samples in cytological tests for a clinical laboratory. The objective is to design a staining machine using local materials and components, ensuring a low manufacturing cost compared to commercial staining machines, and offering reliable staining through sequences programmable via a graphical interface. The designed device was based on a linear mechanism, in which the worktable consists of a separating base for cuvettes containing the chemical solutions for the stain. The samples are held in place by a basket, which adheres to the machine by means of electromagnets activated by the control system. Bipolar stepper motors were used for movement, activating a power screw mechanism. These motors were controlled using an Arduino Uno. Finally, an interface and a touchscreen were developed to allow execution of the staining sequences. Mechanical elements were selected according to local availability, achieving a competitive manufacturing cost.