THE IMPACT OF A SUPPLEMENTAL EXERCISE PROGRAM ON MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS IN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STUDENTS

This study investigates the impact of a supplemental exercise model on the development of morphological characteristics in elementary school students. The primary aim was to determine the effectiveness of supplemental exercises in improving morphological characteristics in this population. The study included a sample of 120 students, divided equally into an experimental group and a control group (60 students each). During the main part of each physical education lesson, the experimental group supplemented the standard curriculum with a specific exercise model designed to enhance morphological characteristics. The control group participated solely in the regular physical education curriculum. The supplemental exercise model comprised dynamic flexibility, agility, running speed, coordination, explosive strength, general endurance, functional ability, and acrobatic exercises. The morphological variables assessed included circular skeletal dimensions, body mass, and subcutaneous fat tissue. Measurements included: Mid Chest Circumference (MCC), Upper Arm Circumference (UAC), Lower Calf Circumference (LCC), and Body Mass (BM) for skeletal and mass dimensions; as well as Abdominal Skinfold Thickness (AST), Upper Arm Skinfold Thickness (UAST), and Lower Calf Skinfold Thickness (LCST) for subcutaneous fat. Both groups underwent two measurements: an initial assessment before the intervention and a final assessment after the intervention period. Discriminant analysis revealed statistically significant improvements in the morphological characteristics of the experimental group at the final measurement compared to the initial measurement. Conversely, the control group showed no significant changes over the same period. The supplemental exercise model effectively enhances morphological characteristics in elementary school students and is recommended as a valuable addition to physical education programs.Keywords: physical education, supplemental exercises, morphological characteristics, elementary school students