Vehicle Detection and Speed Tracking

This review surveys recent methods for vehicle detection, tracking, and speed estimation using monocular video, stereo vision, aerial imagery, LiDAR, and hardware-assisted optical sensing.Detection backbones such as YOLO, SSD, and Faster RCNN areexaminedalongsidetrackingalgorithmsincludingSORT,DeepSORT,andByteTrack.Monocularhomography,stereodepth estimation,LiDAR-basedtracking,andopticalmodulationapproachesareanalyzedintermsofaccuracy,robustness,anddeploy-ment feasibility. Thepapersummarizesdatasets,evaluationmetrics,andresearchtrends,whileidentifyingkeychallengessuchas weather robustness, lackofstandardizedspeedgroundtruth,andreal-timesensorfusion. Recommendationsforfutureintelligent transportation systems are also discussed.