To Investigate and Optimize Concrete Properties Using Volcanic Ash, Nano Silica with Addition of Cotton Fiber

Cotton Fiber Reinforced Concrete (CFRC) has emerged as a promising sustainable construction material, incorporating natural fibres to enhance concrete’s mechanical properties. However, to further improve its performance, it is essential to explore innovative additives. Nano Silica (NS) and Volcanic Ash (VA) are two such materials that have demonstrated potential in enhancing concrete's properties, especially in terms of strength and durability. This study investigates the synergistic effects of NS and VA on the mechanical properties and durability of CFRC, with a focus on its performance under various curing conditions. The primary objective of this study was to assess the effects of incorporating NS and VA in CFRC on its compressive strength, tensile strength, flexural strength, and durability. The durability tests focused on sulphate resistance, chloride ingress, and water permeability. The results showed a significant improvement in the compressive strength, tensile strength, and flexural strength of CFRC with the incorporation of NS and VA, especially in Mix M3. Mix M3 also showed superior durability, with the highest resistance to sulphate attack, chloride ingress, and water permeability. SEM and XRD analyses revealed a dense microstructure and enhanced hydration due to the NS and VA combination. This study confirmed that the synergistic incorporation of NS and VA significantly enhances the mechanical properties and durability of CFRC. Mix M3 (2.5% NS, 12% VA,1% CF) demonstrated the optimal performance, suggesting it as a high-performance material for structural applications in harsh environments.