Low-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound in Maxillofacial Bone Healing: A Systematic Review

Background: Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) is a non-invasive biophysical modality shown to enhance bone healing through mechanotransduction. Its role in maxillofacial bone regeneration remains less clearly defined compared with orthopaedic applications. Methods: This systematic review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines, synthesizing clinical and translational evidence on the use of LIPUS in maxillofacial bone healing. Electronic databases were searched for studies published between 2000 and 2025 evaluating mandibular fractures, distraction osteogenesis, orthognathic surgery, and dental implant osseointegration treated with LIPUS. Outcomes relevant to bone union, mineralization, pain reduction, and functional recovery were narratively analyzed, and risk of bias was assessed using appropriate standardized tools. Results: Included studies demonstrated accelerated radiographic union, increased early bone density, enhanced callus maturation, improved peri-implant bone preservation, and reduced postoperative pain with LIPUS therapy.Several studies also reported earlier functional recovery and improved clinical stability compared with conventional treatment protocols. However, heterogeneity in study design, outcome measures, and treatment parameters was noted, highlighting the need for standardized protocols and high-quality randomized controlled trials. Conclusion: LIPUS appears to be a safe and promising adjunct for maxillofacial bone healing, although further high-quality randomized trials are required to establish standardized protocols and definitive clinical guidelines