Review of Bracing Techniques in Long Span Pre -Engineered Structures

Pre-engineered buildings (PEBs) have emerged as a modern solution for industrial construction, offering significant advantages in terms of cost-effectiveness, reduced construction time, and material optimization. This comprehensive review synthesizes 30 research studies examining various bracing systems employed in PEB design and analysis. The paper evaluates the performance of different bracing configurations—including X, V, Inverted V, Diagonal, K, and Harp bracing—under lateral loads induced by seismic and wind forces. Analysis reveals that diagonal bracing consistently reduces displacement by 13- 17.39% and decreases natural time periods by up to 28.02%, making it the most effective configuration for seismic zones. The study employs advanced computational methodologies utilizing ETABS, STAAD Pro, and SAP2000 software for structural analysis. Key findings demonstrate that PEBs with optimized bracing systems reduce overall weight by 30-40% compared to conventional steel buildings while maintaining superior structural stability. The paper also highlights emerging technologies including buckling-restrained braces (BRBs), base isolation systems, and large-scale bracing (LSB) systems that provide additional enhancement to structural resilience. This review provides critical insights for engineers and architects designing industrial structures in high-risk seismic zones and high-wind regions, establishing evidence-based guidelines for bracing system selection based on structural requirements and location-specific hazards.