Performance Enhancement of Solar Water Distillation and Reuse for Sustainable Water Resources Management

The waste water purification system combining nanofiltration (NF) membranes, solar- powered settling pretreatment ponds, and a multi-stage polishing chain. The aim is to treat combined pond and harvested rainwater contaminated with suspended solids, organics, nutrients and micropollutants, while using renewable energy to reduce operational carbon footprint. A detailed design of the experimental pilot is presented, along with proposed performance metrics, energy balance, and fouling control measures. Based on recent studies, nanofiltration offers high removal of micro-pollutants and hardness while solar-driven pretreatment and photocatalysis can substantially reduce organic loading, improving membrane lifetime. Expected outcomes include reduction in turbidity and BOD, significant micropollutant rejection, and a feasible low-carbon treatment pathway for decentralized pond/rainwater systems