Secure Smart Meter for Real-Time Usage Tracking and Anti-Theft Control

The Secure Smart Meter for Real-Time Usage Tracking and Anti-Theft Control is designed to address a major challenge in the power sector—electricity theft. The system enables accurate and real-time monitoring of energy consumption while detecting unauthorized usage. Built around the ESP32 microcontroller, the meter uses multiple PZEM-004T energy measurement modules to measure voltage, current, power, and energy at different points in the supply line. Electricity theft is detected by comparing the measured values of the modules, where any significant mismatch indicates illegal power tapping or bypassing. Upon detection of abnormal conditions, the system automatically disconnects the supply using a relay mechanism to prevent further losses. The measured energy parameters and theft status are displayed in real time on a website, providing remote monitoring and transparency. This IoT-based solution is cost-effective, scalable, and offers a smarter alternative to conventional energy meters.