Gender Inequality as a Contemporary Social Problem in India: A Sociological Study

Gender inequality remains one of the most persistent and complex social problems in contemporary India. Despite constitutional guarantees of equality and numerous legislative measures, disparities between men and women continue in education, employment, political participation, health, and social status. This research paper examines gender inequality as a multidimensional social issue shaped by patriarchy, economic structures, cultural norms, and institutional practices. Secondary data from government reports, academic literature, and institutional publications are used for analysis. The paper concludes that while policy interventions have improved certain indicators, deep-rooted socio-cultural norms continue to sustain inequality. Sustainable gender justice requires structural reforms, awareness, education, and inclusive policy implementation.