Green Synthesis of Bi2MoO6 NPs using Euphorbia Leaf Extracts for Removal of Toxic Organic Pollutant, Antibacterial and Antioxidant Performance

The investigation of instantaneous removal of multiple organic pollutants from using nanomaterials flags an innovative opportunity that is permitted from subordinate pollution and economical. In the aquatic atmosphere, river water contains large amount of organic effluent releases from the textile industries, which can stimulus the process of adsorption hence, the removal of toxic organic pollutant from the water bodies becomes a true challenge. Owing to this, we try to synthesize of Bi2MoO6 NPs using Euphorbia leaf extracts as green reducing and capping agents, leaf extracts play a dual role to reduce both bismuth and molybdenum into corresponding metal oxide. As synthesized material were characterized various spectroscopic and microscopic techniques for the structural and morphological authentication. X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the orthorhombic phase with crystalline size 10-12 nm. Elemental composition and purity of the NPs (Bi, Mo, C, and O elements) were confirmed via energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). UV-DRS exposes band gap about 2.44 eV, which exhibited excellent semiconducting property for the removal of toxic compound. Surface area and pore size were assessed by Brunauer– Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis, obtained surface area found to be 82. 66 m2 /g and pore size was 9.9 nm. Morphological studies and particle size distribution were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), TEM revealed nearly spherical NPs with average particle size 30-35 nm. However, the adsorption studies revealed that Bi2MoO6 NPs exhibit an outstanding removal efficiency for different dyes found to be 60.3, 79.5 and 66.8 mg g⁻¹ for Erichrome black T (EBT), Malachite green (MG) and Eosin yellow (EY) respectively. However, the kinetic studies follows pseudo-second order kinetics, and the equilibrium data authenticate for Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm. Furthermore, Bi2MoO6 NPs showed excellent activity against E. coli, S. aureus followed by B. subtilis and K. pneumoniae. DPPH scavenging activity, in methanolic solvent showed higher radical inhibition than ethanolic solvent.