Design and validation of an indicator system to measure the maturity of the Third Mission of Universities in Colombian higher education institutions

Introduction: The Third Mission of Universities (TMU) refers to the active engagement of universities with society, aiming to promote sustainable development and generate social value. However, in Latin America and Colombia, there are methodological and information limitations that make it difficult to measure systematically. Objective: This study proposes a system of indicators designed to measure the TMU in Colombian Higher Education Institutions (HEIs). Methodology: A mixed and quantitative approach was employed, which included a literature review, selection and categorization of indicators, and validation through expert judgment and statistical analyses, such as Cronbach’s Alpha Coefficient and Confirmatory Factor Analysis. Result: The result is a valid structure consisting of 31 indicators that demonstrate internal consistency and there are theoretically and empirically aligned to the Colombian context. Discussion: This study advances previous research by providing a replicable and adaptable quantitative instrument that facilitates the measurement of university-society engagement. Conclusion: The proposed system offers a useful methodological framework for evaluating institutional appropriation of TMU, identifying areas for improvement in HEIs, and contributing to the design of university engagement policies and strategies grounded in concrete results.