Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (DEI) in the workplace: A global review of policies, practices, and impacts

Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (DEI) are now an integral part of how organizations determine ethical leadership, social responsibility, and sustainable performance. As globalization, demographic shifts, and keen social expectations redesign the world, businesses globally are also redefining how they create inclusive work spaces that can celebrate differences and support equity. This paper provides a comprehensive review of DEI practices and strategies regionally considering North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, and Africa. This paper includes reviews from more than a decade of peer-reviewed publications (2013-2024) and identifies drivers, barriers, and the concrete results of DEI initiatives. The research shows that, although incredible progress has been achieved in developed economies, most organizations around the world continue to face operation challenges based on culture, policy, and leadership. A seven-component DEI framework is used to help global organizations navigate this complexity. This article offers practical recommendations and avenues for future investigation including the influence of technology, intersectionality, and hybrid work in creating inclusive workplaces.