Nutritional status and depressive symptoms among older adults: A comparative study of institutionalized and community-living populations in Kottayam, Kerala

Ageing is accompanied by progressive physical, psychological and social changes that significantly influence health status and quality of life. In India, the rapidly expanding older population presents growing public health challenges, particularly malnutrition and depression, which often coexist and negatively affect functional ability and well-being. Living environment plays a crucial role in determining dietary intake, social interaction and mental health among older adults. This cross-sectional comparative study aimed to assess and compare the nutritional status and levels of depression among institutionalised and community-dwelling older adults in Kottayam, Kerala, and to examine the association between nutritional status and depression. The study included 370 adults aged 60 years and above, equally selected from community settings and registered old age homes. Sociodemographic data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Nutritional status was assessed using the Mini Nutritional Assessment, while depression was evaluated using the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15). Data were analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, and associations were examined using the Chi-square test. Malnutrition was significantly more prevalent among institutionalised older adults (49%) compared to those living in the community (12%). Severe depression was also higher among institutionalised participants. A significant association was observed between poor nutritional status and higher levels of depression. These findings highlight the need for integrated nutritional and psychological interventions, particularly in institutional care settings, to promote healthy ageing and improve quality of life.