Maritime Domain Awareness (MDA) as a strategic instrument for preventing maritime threats in developing Island states

Maritime Domain Awareness (MDA) is a crucial strategic tool for strengthening maritime security, particularly in developing Island states that possess vast exclusive economic zones (EEZs) but have limited surveillance and control capabilities. This article examines the importance of MDA as a tool for preventing maritime threats, including illegal fishing, piracy, drug and arms trafficking, and environmental and climate risks. Through a comparative analysis of the experiences of Island states in the Indian and Pacific Oceans, the study shows that implementing an integrated MDA combining surveillance technologies, maritime information systems, inter‑agency coordination, and regional cooperation enables the rapid detection of illicit activities, strengthens national sovereignty, and improves the resilience of coastal infrastructure. The findings highlight that the effectiveness of MDA depends not only on technological equipment but also on human resource development, institutional governance, and international support. The article concludes that developing Island states must adopt a strategic and integrated approach to MDA to ensure sustainable maritime security and the protection of their marine resources.