Comprehensive diagnostic evaluation and clinical assessment of canine pyometra with therapeutic insight

Canine pyometra, a severe uterine infection in female dogs, poses significant health risks, including sepsis and organ failure. Accurate diagnosis and effective treatment are essential for successful outcomes. This study evaluates the occurrence, diagnostic accuracy and therapeutic efficacy of interventions for canine pyometra. Twenty-four female dogs with pyometra (22 open-cervix, 2 closed-cervix) were diagnosed using ultrasonography and radiography. Ultrasonography confirmed pyometra in 95.83% of cases by detecting an enlarged fluid-filled uterus, outperforming radiography, which was conclusive in only 41.67% of cases. Bacterial isolates were cultured to determine antimicrobial sensitivity. Escherichia coli were the dominant bacterial isolate (68.18%), with enrofloxacin demonstrating the highest antimicrobial sensitivity (85.71%). Pre and post-treatment hematological and biochemical parameters were analyzed statistically (p< 0.05). Treatment with mifepristone, antibiotics (Enrofloxacin/Ceftriaxone) and supportive therapy resulted in an 86.36% success rate in open-cervix pyometra cases. Significant reductions were observed in leukocytosis (from 45.4±6.55 to 17.5±2.11 ×10³/µl; p< 0.01), AST levels (from 45.2±6.19 to 32.0±4.52 U/L; p< 0.05) and ALT levels (from 36.0±5.90 to 22.3±1.88 U/L; p< 0.05). These findings highlight the efficacy of combined diagnostic and therapeutic approaches in managing canine pyometra.