Baseline bio-ecological assessment of pollution stress in the intertidal zone of Pirwadi beach Uran coast, Maharashtra, India

Intertidal zones are a crucial component of coastal wetland ecosystems, characterised by high ecological complexity and biological production. Intertidal wetlands are among the most productive coastal ecosystems but are highly vulnerable to anthropogenic disturbances. The Uran coast near Navi Mumbai faces environmental pressure from industrial activities, port operations, and sewage discharge. This study evaluates pollution stress using physico-chemical analysis and biological indicators. Monthly sampling over three months included analysis of pH, turbidity, TDS, TSS, hardness, chloride, bacterial count, and selected heavy metals following APHA methods. Results showed elevated bacterial counts, high turbidity, TSS, and alkaline pH indicative of eutrophic conditions and organic pollution. Dominance of opportunistic species such as Ulva, Cladophora, and Capitella and reduced sensitive taxa like sponges, molluscs and aquatic birds reflected ecological degradation. The findings emphasize the need for continuous monitoring and improved coastal management strategies.