A comprehensive review of Louisiella paludosa (POACEAE): Taxonomy, ecology and research gaps

Louisiella paludosa (Roxb.) Landge (syn. Panicum paludosum Roxb.) is a perennial aquatic to semi- aquatic grass (Poaceae) distributed widely across tropical Asia. Recent taxonomic revisions have transferred the species from Panicum to Louisiella based on distinctive morphological characteristics, including spongy culms, linear spikelets, a barren lower floret, and a linear hilum. Although Louisiella paludosa occupies diverse marshy and waterlogged habitats, a comprehensive survey of available literature reveals a striking absence of phytochemical or pharmacological investigations on this species. Current taxonomic and floristic resources document its morphology, distribution, and ecological preferences, yet none report analyses of its chemical constituents or biological activities.This gap signals a critical need for systematic research. We propose a multidisciplinary agenda encompassing phytochemical profiling, biological assays (e.g., antioxidant, antimicrobial, allelopathic screening), anatomical studies of aquatic adaptations (such as aerenchyma formation), and ecological evaluations related to wetland functioning and biomass potential. Such integrated research could clarify the ecological and applied value of Louisiella paludosa —including its potential roles in ecological restoration, forage development, wetland management, or as a source of novel bioactive compounds—while contributing to its taxonomy, conservation, and sustainable utilization. This review synthesizes existing botanical, ecological, and ethnobotanical knowledge and highlights major research gaps and future directions.