Comparative analysis of anthropogenic stressors affecting coastal water quality between marve (Mumbai) and Wadrai (Palghar)

India is among the world's leading fish-producing nations, where coastal and small-scale fisheries play a vital role in livelihoods, economic development, and national food security. Despite this significance, comparative assessments of coastal water quality along Maharashtra's shoreline remain limited, particularly concerning their implications for artisanal fishing communities. This study investigates the physicochemical characteristics of coastal waters at two contrasting sites, Marve Jetty in Malad, Mumbai, and Wadrai Jetty in Mahim, Palghar. Water samples from both locations were analyzed using standardized procedures to evaluate key parameters, including pH, temperature, conductivity, salinity, alkalinity, acidity, total dissolved solids (TDS), free carbon dioxide, biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), nitrates, phosphates and dissolved oxygen. The results revealed distinct spatial variations influenced by anthropogenic and natural factors. Marve Jetty exhibited higher organic and chemical loads, reflecting urban wastewater discharge and industrial effluents characteristic of the Mumbai region. In contrast, Wadrai Jetty showed nutrient fluctuations primarily associated with agricultural runoff, freshwater inflow, and minimal urban contamination. Although pH levels at both sites remained within the acceptable range for sustaining aquatic life, the differing environmental pressures emphasize variable ecological vulnerabilities across these coastal ecosystems. Overall, the findings underscore the necessity for targeted, site-specific coastal water management strategies to protect fish habitats, strengthen small-scale fisheries, and promote long-term ecological resilience. This study provides essential baseline data to support policymakers and environmental managers in developing sustainable coastal resource management frameworks along the Maharashtra coast.