Computer-guided arthrocentesis of the temporomandibular joint: A narrative review

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) arthrocentesis is a minimally invasive procedure widely used for the management of internal derangements and inflammatory disorders of the TMJ. Conventional arthrocentesis relies on anatomical landmarks and clinician experience, which may lead to variability in needle placement and outcomes. The integration of computer-guided technologies, including cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM), and three-dimensional (3D) printed surgical guides, has enhanced the precision, safety, and predictability of TMJ arthrocentesis. This narrative review aims to summarize the current evidence on computer-guided arthrocentesis of the TMJ, discussing indications, digital workflow, clinical outcomes, advantages, limitations, and future perspectives.