The impact of organic farming on soil health and biodiversity

Organic farming is a way of growing crops that tries to protect the environment compared to conventional farming. Conventional farming often uses too many chemical fertilizers, pesticides, and mono-cropping systems, which can damage the soil, reduce biodiversity, and disturb ecological balance. This research paper studies how organic farming affects soil health and biodiversity by reviewing existing research and comparing organic and conventional systems. Important soil health indicators such as soil organic carbon, microbial biomass, soil aggregation, and water retention capacity are examined, along with biodiversity indicators like species richness and pollinator abundance. Research shows that organic farming improves soil biological activity and increases species diversity compared to conventional farming. Although crop yields in organic farming can vary depending on conditions, its environmental and ecological benefits make it important for sustainable food systems.