Detection of Heavy Metals in Soil Samples and their antimicrobial activity against bacteria isolated from soil

The present study aimed to assess the agricultural and environmental quality of soils from different regions of Prayagraj by examining microbial diversity and heavy metal contamination. Soil samples were collected from five selected sites—Arail, Jhunsi, Naini, Phaphamau, and Kaushambi using sterilized tools, properly labeled, and sealed to prevent cross-contamination. Heavy metals, including cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), lead (Pb), and cobalt (Co), were quantified using an Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS). Microbial analysis was performed using serial dilution and culture-based techniques on selective media, and bacterial isolates were identified based on cultural and morphological characteristics. The oligodynamic effect of selected heavy metals was also evaluated, and significant antimicrobial activity was observed.