Diagnosis and successful resolution of pyothorax in a domestic shorthair cat

Pyothorax is the accumulation of pus in the pleura, which needs to be diagnose and treat at the right time to ensure good prognosis. A 4-month-old male kitten was presented with respiratory distress, inappetence, and open-mouth breathing. Clinical examination revealed pyrexia, dehydration, tachypnoea, and tachycardia. Imaging studies confirmed as pleural effusion. Haematological findings showed marked leucocytosis and neutrophilia, while serum biochemistry indicated hypo proteinemia and elevated lactate dehydrogenase. Emergency thoracocentesis yielded viscous fluid with foul-smelling. Cytology revealed degenerated neutrophils and bacteria. Based on the culture test the kitten was diagnosed as pyothorax, and it was treated with amoxicillin-clavulanate along with supportive care. Follow-up showed clinical recovery and resolution of pleural effusion.