A case of nephronephrosis development in a patient with AA-amyloidosis of the kidneys and HIV-infection

The relevance of HIV infection is clear due to the steady increase in the number of people living with HIV (PLHIV). The aim: To present a clinical case of nephronephrosis in a patient with renal AA amyloidosis and HIV infection following COVID-19. Materials and methods . In this clinical case, a patient with HIV infection (CD4 lymphocyte count of 420 cells/mL) developed bilateral nephronephrosis with acute renal failure. Signs of acute kidney injury were observed: proximal and distal tubular epithelium with karyolysis, and the cytoplasm of some cells was coagulated. Results and discussion . A possible cause of acute kidney injury could be a previous COVID-19 infection one month prior to hospitalization. Although the patient had no previous complaints, traces of protein were present in a urinalysis. COVID-19 patients experience a cytokine storm, disrupting the function of all organs, including the kidneys. These disruptions often persist even after the symptoms of coronavirus infection resolve. Conclusion : COVID-19 infection should likely be considered an additional risk factor for kidney damage in HIV-infected patients.