Analytical Modeling of Reinforced Concrete Columns Under Lateral Impact with Shear Failure

The issue of ensuring the mechanical safety of load-bearing structures in buildings and facilities is currently of particular relevance. One critical aspect of this problem is the strength of compressed and compressed-bent elements under transverse impact loading. Several failure mechanisms can occur in reinforced concrete (RC) columns. This paper develops an analytical methodology for determining the ultimate load capacity of square cross-section elements under horizontal impact, specifically for the failure mode associated with diagonal shear. Such scenarios are possible in cases of vehicle collision with a column or impacts near the support zone of the structure. The analytical model is based on static equilibrium equations, which incorporate the ultimate mechanical characteristics of the materials, accounting for dynamic strengthening effects. The concrete deformation model considers the confining effect in the direction perpendicular to compression, which enhances the concrete’s calculated resistance but induces additional stresses in the transverse reinforcement. A numerical example of the calculation for a building’s RC column is provided, yielding specific numerical results. A comparison is made between the outcomes of the proposed methodology and those obtained from a detailed numerical simulation performed using a verified solid finite element model. The limitations of the proposed analytical method are identified, and its sufficiently high accuracy and efficiency are demonstrated. Finally, prospects for further development are outlined, and recommendations for the practical application of the method to ensure the mechanical safety of reinforced concrete columns are provided.