Genetic divergence assessment through Principal Component and Single Linkage Cluster Analysis in pointed gourd (Trichosanthes dioica Roxb.) genotypes

Aim: The study aims to assess the extent and nature of genetic divergence and relationships among the key yield attributing characters in pointed gourd (Trichosanthes dioica Roxb.) genotypes using advanced multivariate statistical approaches. The objective was strategic selection of genetically diverse and superior parental lines for their potential use in future breeding programs for yield improvement and quality enhancement. Methodology: A comprehensive evaluation of morphological, yield-contributing, and fruit quality traits was carried out. PCA was employed to determine the relative contribution of each trait to overall variation, while Single Linkage Cluster Analysis was used to group genotypes based on trait similarity. Results: Significant variability was observed among the genotypes, supported by high values of standard deviation, coefficient of variation, and broad trait ranges. All genotypes were distinctly separated at 100% dissimilarity, forming seven clusters at 85% and three clusters at 55% dissimilarity levels. Genotypes with high cluster means for specific desirable traits were identified as potential parents for the genetic improvement of pointed gourd through hybridization and selection. Interpretation: The pointed gourd germplasm of Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal and hybrids exhibited considerable genetic diversity for desirable traits and suggested divergent parents can produce superior, high-yielding pointed gourd varieties. Key words: Genetic divergence, Pointed gourd, Principal component analysis, Single linkage cluster analysis