Carbon stock and tree diversity across land-use systems in the heterogeneous landscapes of the GKVK biodiversity heritage site

Aim: This study aims to evaluate tree diversity and carbon stocks across diverse land-use systems within the heterogeneous landscape of the GKVK Biodiversity Heritage Site, Bengaluru. Methodology: A random quadrat sampling method (135 quadrats of 20 m2) was used to measure tree diversity (Shannon (H´), Simpson (1-D), species richness) and population structure (basal area, stem density, girth class). Carbon stocks were estimated using non-destructive allometric equations based on tree diameter and wood density. Results: During the course of study, 1,611 individuals from 75 species were reported. Gardens exhibited the highest biodiversity (H´ = 3.35; 1-D = 0.95; species richness = 56) and stem density (370 individuals ha-1) whereas agricultural lands showed the lowest diversity (H´ = 1.46;1-D: 0.61; species richness =13) and stem density (67.19 individuals ha-1). Plantations with the highest stem density (488.89 individuals ha-1) contributed significantly to carbon sequestration, boasting the maximum average basal area (12.38 m2 ha-1) and carbon stock (49.39 Mg ha-1). A strong correlation (r=0.985, p